Prof. em. Dr. Atsumu Ohmura

Atsumu Ohmura was Full Professor of Physical Geography at the ETH Zurich, starting in 1983. He retired end of March 2007.

Born in Masago-cho, Hongo-ku, Tokyo, in 1942. Educated at the Faculty of Science,

University of Tokyo (B.Sc. 1965), at the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research of McGill University, Montreal (M.Sc. 1969) and at the Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) in Zurich (Dr.sc.nat.), Ohmura was a climatologist with special interest in the energy budget at the earth's surface. Both experimental and theoretical approaches were taken. For the field experiments, he was engaged in the works in the Canadian High Arctic, Baffin Bay, Greenland, the Alps, Tian-Shan and Caribbean Sea. In theoretical area, the contributions were made in atmospheric radiation, atmospheric boundary layer and the radiation transfer in snow and ice. He integrated his works in discoveries of the missing absorption of solar radiation in the atmosphere, the decadal variation of solar radiation (Global Dimming, and Brightening), missing emission of the atmospheric long-wave radiation, and the inbalance of the energy gudget owing to the absorption by the ocean and melt of the cryosphere. These developments are summed up in the presentation of the new global energy balance of the climate system. The principle of the energy balance was applied for understanding the change of glaciers in various climatic regions, based on the equilibrium line/climate relationship. He has been engaged in climate model development mainly in the field of radiation. He is still seeking for the relationship between the global climate and entropy change in the planet, which remains still inconclusive.

He was elected fellow of the Arctic Institute of North America in 1988.

1991 Horiuchi Prize of the Japan Meteorological Society.
1998 Nomination to be am member of the Academia Europaea,
2001 ISPS Award of Japan Society for Promotion of Science,
2005 President, International Glaciological Society,
2006 Society Special Contribution Prize, Geographical Society of Japan,
2007 Norbert Gerbier-Mumm International Award of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO).

2008 Member, Norwegian Academy of Polar Science.

2015 Honorary member, International Association of Cryospheric Sciences (IACS, IUGG/ICSU).

2021 IASC Medal, International Arctic Science Committee

2021 Tokyo Geographical Society Medal

2022 Fellow, Japanese Geosciences Union

2022 Yoshino Prize, Association of Japanese Geographers

 

 

Reviewed Articles

 

Nishikawa, O. and Ohmura, A., 1965: Hans Rücklin: Die Entstehung des Grossreliefs der Erde, Vesuch einer Zusammenschau der geotektonischen Hypothesen. Jour. Geogr., 74, 32-38.

Tsurumi, E. and Ohmura, A., 1966: Geomorphology and tephrachronology of East Tama Hill. Quaternary Research, 5, 59-64.

Garnier, B.J. and Ohmura, A., 1968: A method of calculating the direct short-wave radiation income of slopes. J. Appl.Meteorol., 7, 796-800.

Garnier, B.J. and Ohmura, A., 1969: The evaluation of surface variations in solar radiation income. Solar Energy, 13, 21-34.

Müller, F., Ohmura, A. and Braithwaite, R.J., 1973: Das North Water Projekt (Kanadisch-, grönländische Hocharktis), Geogr.Helvetica, 2.28, 111-117.

Ohmura, A. and Müller, F., 1977: Die mesoskalische Verteilung von Lufttemperatur und Niederschlag über der hocharktischen Tundra von Axel Heiberg Island, NWT, Kanada. Geogr. Helvetica, 32.4, 185-194.

Ohmura, A. and Müller, F., 1978: Aspects of mesoscale distribution of air temperature and precipitation over high arctic tundra. Polar Geogr., 2, 270-284.

Ohmura, A., 1979; Die optimale Ausrichtung des Sonnenkollektors im Raum Zürich. Geogr. Helvetica, 34.3, 145-148.

Müller, F., Ohmura, A., Schroff, K., Funk, M., Pfirter, K., Bernath, A. and Steffen, K., 1980: Combined ice, water and energy balances of a glacierized basin of the Swiss Alps - The Rhonegletscher Project. Geogr. Helvetica, 35.5, 57-69.

Phillips, P.D., Richner, H., Joss, J. and Ohmura, A., 1981: ASOND-78: An intercomparison of Vaisala, VIZ and Swiss radiosondes. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 119, 259-277.

Ohmura, A., 1981: An economical calorimeter for measuring water content of a snow cover. Zeitschr.Gletscherk. u. Glazialgeol., 16, 125-130.

Ohmura, A., 1982: Climate and energy balance on the arctic tundra. Jour.Climatol., 2, 65-84.

Ohmura, A., 1982: A historical review of studies on the energy balance of arctic tundra. Jour.Climatol., 2, 167-178.

Ohmura, A., 1982: Evaporation from the surface of arctic tundra on Axel Heiberg Island. Wa.Res.Res., 18, 291-300.

Ohmura, A., 1982: Regional water balance on the arctic tundra in summer. Wa.Res.Res., 18, 301-305.

Ohmura., A., 1982: Objective criteria for rejecting data for Bowen ratio flux calculations. J.Appl.Met., 21, 595-598.

Ohmura, A. and Schroff, K., 1983: Physical characteristics of the Davos-type pyrradiometer for short-wave and long-wave radiation. Arch.Met.Geophys.Bioclimatol., Ser. B, 33, 57-76.

Ohmura, A., 1984: Comparative energy balance study for arctic tundra, sea surface, glaciers and boreal forests. Geojour. 8.3, 221-228.

Ohmura, A., 1984: On the cause of "Fram" type seasonal change in diurnal amplitude of air temperature in polar regions. Jour.Climatol. 4, 325-338.

Ohmura, A., Blatter, H. and Funk, M., 1985: Latitudinal variation of seasonal solar radiation for the period 200'000 years B.P. to 20'000 years A.P. In: Fiocco, G.(Ed.):IRS '84: Current Problems in Atmospheric Radiation, A. Deepak Publ., Hampton, VA, 338-341.

Steffen, K. and Ohmura, A., 1985: Heat exchange and surface conditions in the North Water. Ann.Glaciol., 6, 178- 181.

Ohmura, A., 1987: New temperature distribution maps for Greenland. Zeitschr.Gletscherk.Glazialgeol., 23, 1-45.

Ohmura, A. and Lang, H., 1989: Secular variation of global radiation in Europe. In Lenoble, J. and Geleyn, J.-F.(Eds.): IRS'88: Current Problems in Atmospheric Radiation, A. Deepak Publ., Hampton, VA, 298-301.

Hutter, K., Blatter, H. and Ohmura, A., 1989: Treibhauseffekt, Eisschilde und Meeresspiegel. Physik in unserer Zeit, 20, 161-171.

Ohmura, A., 1990: Reevaluation and monitoring of the global energy balance. In Sanderson, M.(Ed.): UNESCO Source Book in Climatology, UNESCO, Paris, 35-42.

Enomoto, H. and Ohmura, A., 1990: The influence of atmospheric half-year cycle on the sea ice extent in the Antarctic. J.Geophys.Res., 95, 9497-9511.

Chen, J. and Ohmura, A., 1990: On the influence of Alpine glaciers on runoff. In Lang, H. and Musy, A. (Eds.): Hydrology in Mountainous Regions I, IAHS Publ., No.193, 117-125.

Chen, J. and Ohmura, A., 1990: Estimation of Alpine glacier water resources and their change since 1870s. In Lang, H. and Musy, A. (Eds.): Hydrology in Mountainous Regions I, IAHS Publ., No.193, 127- 135.

Ohmura, A. and Reeh, N., 1991: New precipitation and accumulation maps for Greenland. J. Glaciol., 37, No.125, 140-148.

Ohmura, A., Kasser, P. and Funk, M., 1992: Climate at the equilibrium line of glaciers. J. Glaciol., 38, No.130, 397-411.

Ohmura, A. and Gilgen, H., 1992: Global energy balance archive (GEBA, WCP-Water A7) and new aspects of the global radiation distribution on the earth's surface. In Keevallik, S. and Kärner, O. (Eds.): IRS'92: Current Problems in Atmospheric Radiation, A. Deepak Publ., Hampton, VA, 271-274.

DeLuisi, J., Dehne, K., Vogt, R., Konzelmann, T. and Ohmura, A., 1992: First results of the Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) broad band infrared radiometer intercomparison at FIRE II. In Keevallik, S. and Kärner, O. (Eds.): IRS'92: Current Problems in Atmospheric Radiation, A. Deepak Publ., Hampton, VA, 559-564.

Ohmura, A. and Gilgen, H., 1993: Re-evaluation of the global energy balance. Geophys.Monogr., 75, IUGG Vol.15, 93- 110.

Abe-Ouchi, A., Blatter, H. and Ohmura, A., 1994: How does the Greenland Ice Sheet remember the ice age ? Global and Planetary Change, 9,133-142.

Calanca, P. and Ohmura, A., 1994: Atmospheric moisture flux convergence and accumulation on the Greenland Ice Sheet. In Jones, H.G., Davies, T.D., Ohmura, A., and Morris, E. (Eds.): Snow and Ice Covers; Interactions with the Atmosphere and Ecosystems, IAHS Publ. No.223, 77-84.

Kang, E., and Ohmura, A., 1994: A parameterized energy balance model of glacier melting on the Tianshan Mountain. Acta Geographica Sinica, 49, 467-476.

Ohmura, A., Konzelmann, T., Rotach, M., Forrer, J., Wild, M., Abe-Ouchi, A., and Toritani, H., 1994: Energy balance for the Greenland ice sheet by observation and model computation. In Jones, H.G., Davies, T.D., Ohmura, A., and Morris, E.M. (Eds.): Snow and Ice Covers; Interactions with the Atmosphere and Ecosystems, IAHS Publ.No. 223, 85-94.

Konzelmann, T., and Ohmura, A., 1995: Radiative fluxes and their impact on the energy balance of the Greenland ice sheet. J. Glaciol., 41(139), 490-502.

Marinucci, M.R., Giorgi, F., Beniston, M., Wild, M., Tschuck, P., Ohmura, A., and Bernasconi, A., 1995: High resolution simulations of January and July climate over the Western Alpine region with a nested modeling system. Theor. Appl. Climatol., 51, 119-138.

Whitlock, C.H., Charlock, T.P., Staylor, W.F., Pinker, R.T., Laszlo, I., Ohmura, A., Gilgen, H., Konzelmann, T., DiPasquale, R.C., Moats, C.D., LeCroy, S.R., and Ritchey, N.A., 1995: First global WCRP shortwave surface radiation budget data set. Bull.Am.Meteo.Soc., 76(6), 905-922.

Wild, M., Ohmura, A., Gilgen, H., and Roeckner, E., 1995: Validation of GCM simulated radiative fluxes using the surface observations. J.Climate, 8, 1309-1324.

Wild, M., Ohmura, A., Gilgen, H., and Roeckner, E., 1995: Regional climate simulation with a high resolution GCM: surface radiative fluxes. Climate Dynamics, 11, 469-486.

Kang, E., Ohmura, A., and H. Lang, 1995: Simulation of runoff processes of a continental mountain glacier in the Tian Shan, China. IAHS Publ. 228, 455-465.

Ohmura, A., Wild, M, and Bengtsson, L., 1996: A possible change in mass balance of Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets in the coming century. J.Climate, 9, 2124-2135.

Ohmura, A., Wild, M., and Bengtsson, L., 1996: Present and future mass balance of the ice sheets simulated with GCM. Ann.Glaciol., 9, 2124-2135.

Plüss, C. and Ohmura, A., 1997: Longwave radiation on snow-covered mountainous surfaces. J.Appl.Meteorol., 36, 818-824.

Wild, M., Ohmura, A., and Cubasch, U., 1997: GCM-simulated surface energy fluxes in climate change experiments. J.Climate, 10, 3093-3110.

Philipona, R., Heimo, A., Fröhlich, C., Marty, Ch., Ohmura, A., Wehrli, Ch., 1997: The Swiss atmospheric radiatioin monitoring program: CHARM. In Smith, W. L., and Stamnes, K. (Eds.): IRS '96: Current Problems in Atmospheric Radiation, A. Deepak, Hampton, VA, 392-395.

Gilgen, H., Wild, M., and Ohmura, A., 1998: Means and trends of shortwave irradiance at the surface estimated from Global Energy Balance Archive Data. J.Climate, 11, 2042-2061.

Ohmura, A., Dutton, E., Forgan, B., Fröhlich, C., Gilgen, H., Hegner, H., Heimo, A., König-Langlo, G., McArthur, B., Müller, G., Philipona, R., Pinker, R., Whitlock, C.H., Dehne, K., and Wild, M., 1998: Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN/WCRP): New precision radiometry for climate research, Bull.Amer.Meteor.Soc., 79, 2115-2136.

Philipona, R.,Fröhlich, C., Dehene, K.,DeLuisi, J., Augustine, J., Dutton, E., Nelson, D., Forgan, B., Novotny, P., Hickey, J., Love, S.P., Bender, S., McArthur, B., Ohmura, A., Seymour, J.H., Foot, J.S., Shiobara, M., Valero, F.P.J., and Strawa, A.W., 1998: The Baseline Surface Radiation Network pyrgeometer round-robin calibration experiment. Jour.Atmos.Ocean.Technol., 15, 687-696.

Wild, M., Ohmura, A., and Gilgen, H., 1998: The distribution of solar energy at the earth’s surface as calculated in the ECMWF Re-analysis. Geophys.Res.Lett., 25, 4373-4376.

Wild, M., Ohmura, A., Gilgen, H., Roeckner, E., Giorgetta, M., and Morcrette, J.-J., 1998: The disposition of radiative energy in the global climate system: GCM-calculated versus observational estimates. Climate Dynamics, 14, 853-869.

Wild, M., Ohmura, A., Gilgen, H., and Morcrette, J.J., 1998: Assessment of the ECMWF reanalysis radiative fluxes using surface observations. Proceedings of the First WCRP International Conference on Reanalyses, WCRP-104, WMO/TD-No.876, 69-72.

Wild, M., and Ohmura, A., 1999: The role of clouds and the cloud-free atmosphere in the problem of underestimated absorption of solar radiation in GCM atmospheres. Phys.Chem.Earth (B), 24, 261-268.

Roesch, A., Gilgen, H., Wild, M., and Ohmura, A., 1999: Assessment of GCM simulated snow albedo using direct observations. Climate Dynamics, 15, 405-418.

Gilgen, H., and Ohmura, A., 1999: The Global Energy Balance Archive. Bull.Amer.Meteor.Soc., 80, 831-850.

Ohmura, A., Calanca, P., Wild, M., and Anklin, M., 1999: Precipitation, accumulation and mass balance of the Greenland ice sheet. Z. Gletscherkd. Glazialgeol., 35, 1-20.

Calanca, P., Gilgen, H., Ekholm, S., and Ohmura, a., 2000: Gridded temperature and accumulation distributions for use in cryospheric models. Ann. Glaciol., 31, 118-120.

Ohmura, A., 2000: Climate on tundra and thoughts on causes of regional climate differences. Ann. Glaciol., 31, 10-14.

Kieffer, H., J.S. Kargel, R. Barry, R. Bindschadler, M.Bishop,D. MacKinnon,  A. Ohmura, B. Raup, M. Antoninetti, J. Bamber, M. Braun, I. Brown, D. Cohen, L.Copland, J. DueHagen,R.V.Engeset,B.Fitzharris, K.Fujita, W.Haeberli, J. O. Hagen, D. Hall,  M. Hoelzle, M. Johansson, A. Kaab, M. Koenig, V.Konovalov, M. Maisch, F. Paul, F. Rau, N. Reeh, E. Rignot, A. Rivera, M. de Ruyter de Wildt, T.Scambos, J. Schaper, G. Scharfen, J. Shroder, O. Solomina,D. Thompson, K. van der Veen, T. Wohlleben, and N. Young, 2000: New eyes in the sky measure glaciers and ice sheets. Eos, 81, No. 24, 265 & 270-271.

Wild, M., and Ohmura, A., 2000: Changes in mass balance of polar ice sheets and sea level from high-resolution GCM simulations of greenhouse warming. Ann.Glaciol., 30, 197-203.

Ohmura, A., 2001: Physical basis for the temperature/melt-index method. J. Appl. Meteor., 40,  753-761.

Ohmura, A., 2001: Changes in Sea Level. Contributing author, chapter 11, in: Houghton, J.T. et al. (Eds.): Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Third Assessment Report, Cambridge University Press, 639-693.

Schmucki, D.,  Voigt, S., Philipona, R., Fröhlich, C., Lenoble, J., Ohmura, A., Wehtli, C., 2001: Effective albedo derived from UV measurements in the Swiss Alps. . J.Geophys.Res.. J. Geophys. Res, 106, D6, 5369-5383.

Yamano, H., Hori, K., Yamauchi, M., Yamagawa, O., and Ohmura, A., 2001: Highest-latitude Coral reef at Iki Island, Japan. Coral Reefs, 20, 9-12.

Ohmura, A., 2001: Summit Greenland Environment Observatory. Memoirs of National Instituteof Polar Research, 54, 153-159.

Wild, M., Ohmura, A., Gilgen, H., Morcrette, J.-J., Slingo, A., 2001: Evaluation of downward longwave radiation in general circulation models. J. Climate, 14, 3227-3239.

Philipona, R., and Ohmura, A., 2001: Pyrgeometer absolute calibration and the quest for a world radiometric reference for longwave irradiance measurements. In Smith, W. L. and Timofeyev, Yu. M., Eds., 2001: Current Problems in Atmospheric Radiation. A. Deepak Publ., Hampton, VA, 461-464.

Goeldi-Cheda, B., Ohmura, A., and Heimo, A., 2001: Radiation trends at the Swiss BSRN station Payerne.  In Smith, W. L. and Timofeyev, Yu. M., Eds., 2001: Current Problems in Atmospheric Radiation. A. Deepak Publ., Hampton, VA, 509-512.

Lehmann, A., Heimo, A., Vernez, A., Koepke, P., Ohmura, A., Gueymard, C., 2001: Comparison between models and measurements of direct and diffuse UV erythemal irradiance under clear sky conditions - Analysis of environmental impacts on the measurements. In Smith, W. L. and Timofeyev, Yu. M., Eds., 2001: Current Problems in Atmospheric Radiation. A. Deepak Publ., Hampton, VA, 547-550.

Wild, M., and Ohmura, A., 2001: Longwave forcing at the surface as simulated in transient climate change experiments. In Smith, W. L. and Timofeyev, Yu. M., Eds., 2001: Current Problems in Atmospheric Radiation. A. Deepak Publ., Hampton, VA, 745-748.

Wild, M., and Ohmura, A., Gilgen, H., Morcrette, and Slingo, A., 2001: Deficiencies in GCM-simulated downward longwave radiation inferred from surface observations. In Smith, W. L. and Timofeyev, Yu. M., Eds., 2001: Current Problems in Atmospheric Radiation. A. Deepak Publ., Hampton, VA, 1231-1234.

Wild, M., A. Ohmura, H. Gilgen, J. J. Morcrette, and A. Slingo (2001), Evaluation of downward longwave radiation in general circulation models, J. Climate, 14(15), 3227–3239.

Marty, C., Philipona, R., Fröhlich, C., and Ohmura, A., 2002: Altitude dependence of surface radiation fluxes and cloud forcing in the Alps: Results from Alpine Surface Radiation Budget Network. Theor. Appl. Climatol. 72, 137-155.

Ohmura, A., and Wild, M., 2002: Is the hydrological cycle accelerating ? Science, 298, 1345-1346.

Roesch, A., Wild, M., Pinker, R., and Ohmura, A., 2002: Comparison of spectrtal surface albedos and their impact on general circulation model simulated surface climate.  Jour. Geophys. Res., 107 (D14), 13-1-18.

Ohmura, A., 2002: Future changes in the interaction between the climate and glaciers: Related issues on research and university education. Bull. Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute of Environment Research, 13, 8-14.

Wild, M., Calanca, P., Scherrer, S. C., and Ohmura, A., 2003: Effects of polar ice sheets on global sea level in high-resolution greenhouse scenarios. J. Geophys. Res., 108, D5, 4165, ACL 5-1-10.

Matzinger, N., Andretta, M., van Gorsel, E., Vogt, R., Ohmura, A., Rotach, M., 2003: Surface radiation budget in an Alpine valley. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 129, 877-895.

Ozawa, H., Ohmura, A., Lorenz, R. D., and Pujol, T., 2003: The second law of thermodynamics and the global climate system: A review of the maximum entropy production principle. Rev. Geophys., 41, 4-1-24.

Wild, M., and Ohmura, A., 2004: BSRN longwave downward radiation measurements combined with GCMs show promise for greenhouse detection studies. GEWEX News, 14, 9-10.

Suter, S., Hoelzle, M., and Ohmura, A., 2004: Energy balance at a cold Alpine firn saddle, Seserjoch, Monte Rosa. Intern. J. Climatol., 24. 1423-1442.

Wild, M., Ohmura, A., Gilgen, H., and Rosenfeld, D., 2004: On the consistency of trends in radiation and temperature records and implication for the global hydrological cycle. Geophys. Res., Let., 31, L11201, doi:10.1029/2003GL019188.

Philipona, R., Dürr, B., Marty, C., and Ohmura, A., 2004: Radiative forcing -measured at the Earth's surface -corroborate the increasing greenhouse effect. Geophys. Res. Letters, 31, doi:10.1029/2003GL018765.

Ohmura, A., 2004: Cryosphere during the Twentieth Century: Geophys. Monogr., 150, Am. Geophys. Union, 239-257.

Dürr, B., Philipona, R., Schubiger, F., and Ohmura, A., 2005: Comparison of modeled and observed cloud-free longwave downward radiation over the Alps. Meteorol. Zeitschr., 14, 47-55.

Wild, M., Gilgen, H., Roesch, A., and Ohmura, A., 2005: From dimming to brightening: Decadal changes in solar radiation at the Earth's surface, Sience, 308, 847-850.

Raschke, E., and Ohmura, A., 2005: Radiation Budget of the Climate System. Chap. 4 in Hantel, M. (Ed.): Observed Global Climate, Vol. 6, Group V: Geophysics, Landolt-Börnstein Numerical and Functional Relationships in Science and Technology, New Series, 4.1-4.42, Springer Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York.

Ohmura, A., and Raschke, A., 2005: Energy Budget at the Earth’s Surface. Chap. 10 in Hantel, M. (Ed.): Observed Global Climate, Vol. 6, Group V: Geophysics, Landolt-Börnstein Numerical and Functional Relationships in Science and Technology, New Series, 10.1-10.28, Springer Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York.

Ohmura; A., 2005: Changes of mountain glaciers and small ice caps during the 20^th century and the future prospect in warming climate. Proceedings of the 5^th International Workshop on Global Change: Connection to the Arctic, 15-16^th November 2004, Tsukuba, Japan, 46-49.

Raschke, E., Ohmura, A., Rossow, W.B., Carlson, B.E., Zhang, Y.C., Stubenrauch, C., Kottek, M., and Wild, M., 2005: Cloud effects on the radiation budget based on ISSP data (1991 to 1995), Intern. Jour. Climatol., 25, 1103-1125.

Philipona, R., Dürr, B., Ohmura, A., and Rückstuhl, C., 2005: Anthropogenic greenhouse forcing and strong water vapor feedback increase temperature in Europe. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, doi:10.1029/2005GL023624.

Rozanov, E., Schraner, M., Schnadt, C., Egorova, T., Wild, M., Ohmura, A., Zobov, V., Schmutz, W., and Peter. T., 2005: Assessment of the ozone and temperature variability during 1979-1993 with the chemistry-climate model SOCOL. Advances in Space Research, 35, 1375-1384.

Rozanov, E., Schraner, M., Egorova, T., Ohmura, A., Wild, M., Schmutz, W., and Peter. T., 2005: Solar signal in the atmospheric ozone, temperature and dynamics simulated with CCM SOCOL in transient mode. Mem. Soc. Astron. Ital., 76, 876-879.

Wild, M., Long, C.N., and Ohmura, A., 2006: Evaluation of clear sky solar fluxes in GCMs participating in AMIP and IPCC-AR4 from a surface perspective. J. Geophys. Res., 111, Do1104, doi: 10.1029/2005JD006118.

Kaser, G., Cogley, J.G., Dyurgerov, M.B., Meier, M., and Ohmura, A., 2006: Mass balance of glaciers and icecaps: Consensus estimates for 1961-2004. Geophys. Res. Let., 33, L19501, doi: 10.1029/2006GL027511.

Ohmura, A., 2006: New radiation and energy balance of the world and its variability.  In Fischer, H. and B. Sohn (Eds.): IRS 2004: Current Problems in Atmospheric Radiation, 327-330.

Ohmura, A., 2006: Observed long-term variations of solar irradiance at the earth’s surface. Space Science Rev. Special Edition, DOI: 10.1007/s11214-006-9050-9.

 Bourgeois, C.S., Ohmura, A., Schroff, K., Frei, H.-J., and Calanca, Pierluigi, 2006: IAC  ETH Goniospectrometer: A tool for hyperspectral HDRF measurements. Jour. Atmos. Ocean Tech., 23, 573-584.

 Ohmura, A., 2006: Changes in mountain glaciers and ice caps during the 20^th century. Ann. Glaciol., 43, 361-368.

 Ohmura, A., 2006: Global warming and glaciers during the 20^th century. Center for Global Environmental Research News, 17, 2, 11-12.

 Bourgeois C. S.; P. Calanca and A. Ohmura, 2006: A field study of the hemispherical directional reflectance factor and spectral albedo of dry snow, Jour. Geophys. Res., 111, D20108, doi:10.1029/2006JD007296.

Wild, M., Ohmura A., Makowski, K., 2007:  Impact of global dimming and brightening on global warming. Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L04702, doi:10.1029/2006GL028031.

Ruckstuhl, C., Philipona, R., Morland, J., and Ohmura, A., 2007: Observed relationship between surface specific humidity, integrated water vapor, and longwave downward radiation at different altitudes. Jour. Geophys. Res., 112, D03302, doi:10.1029/2006JD007850.

Hoch, S. W., P. Calanca, R. Philipona and A. Ohmura, 2007: Year-round observation of longwave radiative flux divergence in Greenland. Jour. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol., 46,1469–1479.

Chylek, P.,Lohmann, U., Dubey, M., Mishchenko, M. Kahn, R. and Ohmura, A., 2007: Limits on climate sensitivity derived from recent satellite and surface observations J. Geophys. Res., 112, doi.org/10.1029/2007GL031706.

Ohmura, A., Bauder, A., Müller, H., and Kappenberger, G., 2007: Long-term change of mass balance and the role of radiation. Ann. Glaciol., 46, 367-374.

Nowak, D., L. Vuilleumier, C.N. Long, and A. Ohmura, 2008: Solar irradiance computations compared with observations at the BSRN Payerne site,  J. Geophys. Res., 113, doi:10.1029/2007JD009441.

Shi, G., T. Hayasaka, A. Ohmura, Z. Chen, B. Wang, J. Zhao, H. Che, and L. Xu, 2008: Data quality assessment and the long-term trend of ground solar radiation in China. Jour. Appl. Met. Climat., 47, 1006-1016.

Miyahara, H., G. Wen. R.F. Cahalan, and A. Ohmura, 2008: Deriving historical total solar irradiance from lunar borehole temperatures. Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L02716, doi:10.1029/2007GL032171.

Ruckstuhl, C., R. Philipona, K. Behrens, M. C. Coen,B. Dürr, A. Heimo, C. Mätzler, A. Nyeki, A. Ohmura, L. Vuilleumier, M.Weller, C. Wehrli, and A. Zelenka, 2008: Aerosol and cloud effects on solar brightening and the recent rapid warming, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L12708, doi: 10.1029GL034228.

Makowski, K., M. Wild, and A. Ohmura, 2008: Diurnal temperature range over Europe between 1950 and 2005. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 6483-6498.

Dadic, R., Schneebeli, M., Lehning, M., Hutterli, M.A., and Ohmura, A., 2008: Impact of the microstructure of snow on its temperature: A model validation with measurements from Summit, Greenland. J. Geophys. Res. 113 (D14303); doi:10.1029/2007JD009562.

Teuling, A. J., M. Hirsch, A. Ohmura, M.Wild, M. Reichstein, P. Ciais, N. Buchmann, C. Ammann, L. Montagnani, A.D. Richardson, G. Wohlfahrt, and S.I. Seneviratne, 2009: A regional perspective on trends in continental evaporation. Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L02404, doi:10.1029/2008GL036584.

Roesch, A., M. Wild, A. Ohmura, E. Dutton, C.N. Long, and T. Zhang, 2009: Assessment of the completeness of BSRN radiation records and the consequence for the computation of monthly means. Jour. Appl. Meteorol., accepted for publication.

Ohmura, A., 2009: Observed decadal variations in surface solar radiation and their causes. J. Geophys. Res. 114 (D00D13); doi:10.1029/2008JD011290.

Ikeda, M., R. Greve, T. Hara, Y. Watanabe, A. Ohmura, A. Ito, M. Kawamiya, 2009: Identifying crucial issues in climate science: Drastic change in the earth system during global warming. EOS, 90, 15.

Wild, M., B. Truessel, A. Ohmura, C. N. Long, G. Koenig-Langlo, E. G. Dutton, and A. Tsvetkov, 2009: Global dimming and brightening: An update beyond 2000. J. Geophys. Res., 114 (D00D13); doi:10.1029/2008JD011382

Makowski, K., Jaeger, E. B., Chiacchio, M., Wild, M., Ewen, T., and Ohmura A., 2009: On the relationship between diurnal temperature range and surface solar radiation in Europe. J. Geophys. Res., 114 (D00D07): doi:10.1029/2008JD011104

Gilgen, H., Roesch, A., Wild, M., and Ohmura, A. ,2009:Decadal changes of shortwave irradiance at the surface in the period 1960 to 2000 estimated from Global Energy Balance Archive. J. Geophys. Res. ; 114 (D00D08) ; doi:10.1029/2008JD011383

Ohmura, A., 2009: Completing the World Glacier Inventory. Ann. Glaciol., 50 (53), 144-148.

Huss, M., Funk, M., and Ohmura, A., 2009: Strong Alpine glacier melt in the 1940s due to enhanced solar radiation., Geophys. Res., Lett., 36, L23501, doi:10.1029/2009GL040789, 2009

Paul, F., Barry, R., Cogley, J.G., Frey, H., Haeberli, W., Ohmura, A., Ommanney, C.S.L., Raup, B., Rivera, A., and Zemp, M., 2009: Recommendations for the compilation of glacier inventory data from digital sources. Ann. Glaciol., 50 (53), 119-126.

Ohmura, A., 2010: Mass balance of glaciers and ice sheets during the observational period and climate change. Jour. Geogr., 119, 466-481.

Roesch, A., Wild, M., Ohmura, A., Dutton, E. G., Long, C. N., and Zhang, T., 2011: Assessment of BSRN radiation records for the computation of monthly means. Atmos. Meas. Tech., 4, 339-354.

Chen, L., Johannessen, O.M., Wang, H., and Ohmura, A., 2011: Accumulation over the Greenland Ice Sheet as represented in reanalysis data. Advances in Atmos. Sci., 28, 5, 1-9.

Ohmura, A., 2011: Observed mass balance of mountain glaciers and Greenland ice sheet in the 20^th century and the present trends. Surv. Geophys., DOI 10.1007/s10712-011-9124-4.

Dutton, E. G., and C. N. Long with contributions by M. Wild, A. Ohmura, J. Groebner and A. Roesch (2012), Chapter 5: Long-term in-situ surface flux data products, in GEWEX Radiative Flux Assessment, vol. 1: Assessment, pp. 135–158, WCRP Report 19/2012, World Climate Research Programme, Geneva, Switzerland. [Available at http://www.wcrp-climate.org/documents/GEWEX%20RFA-Volume%201-report.pdf.]

Ohmura, A., 2012: Enhanced temperature variability in high-altitude climate change. Theor. Appl. Climatol., DOI 10.1007/s00704-012-0687-x.

Ohmura, A., 2012: Present status and variations in the Arctic energy balance. Polar Science, 6, doi:10.1016/j.polar.2012.03.003.

Nezval, Y., N. Chubarova, J. Gröbner, and A. Ohmura, 2013: Variations of longwave downwelling irradiance (LDI) due to different atmospheric factors in Moscow. In Cahalan, R. F. and J. Fischer (Eds.): Radiation Processes in the Atmosphere and Ocean (IRS2012), 580-583.

Ohmura, A., 2014: The effect of aerosol on on-going climate change. Low Temp. Sc., 72, 311-317.

Ohmura, A., 2014: The development and present status of energy balance climatology. J. Meteorol. Soc. Japan, 92, 245-285.

Pepin, N, R. S. Bradley, H. F. Diaz, M. Baraer, E. B. Caceres, N. Forsythe, H. Fowler, G. Greenwood, M. Z. Hashmi, X. D. Liu, J. R. Miller, L. Ning, A. Ohmura, E. Palazzi, I. Rangwala, W. Schöner, I. Severskiy, M. Shahgedanova, M. B. Wang, S. N. Williamson, and D. Q. Yang, 2015: Elevation-dependent warming in mountainregions of the world. Nature Climate Change, 5, 424-430.

Omoto, K., and A. Ohmura, 2015: The Rapidly Retreating Rhone Glacier in the Central Alps, Switzerland : Reconstruction Based on Photographs and Documents, J. Geography, 124, 127-135.

Tanaka, K., Ohmura, A., Folini, D., Wild, M., and Ohkawara, N., 2016: Is global dimming and brightening in Japan limited to urban areas?, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 13969-14001, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-13969-2016, 2016.

Kobashi, T., Menviel, L., Jeltsch-Thömmes, A., Vinther, B.M., Box, J.E., Muscheler, R., Nakaegawa, T., Pfister, P., Döring, M.D., Leuenberger, M., Wanner, H. & Ohmura, A., 2017: Volcanic influence on centennial to millennial Holocene Greenland temperature change. Scientific Reports, DOI:10.1038/s41598-017-01451-7

Wild, M., Ohmura, A., Schär, Ch., Müller, G., Folimi. D., Schwarz, M., Zyta, M., Hakub, and Sanchez-Lorenzo, 2017: The Global Energy Balance Archive (GEBA): a database for worldwide measured surface energy fluxes. Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 9, 1-12.

Ohmura, A., and Boettcher, 2018: Climate on the equilibrium line altitudes of glaciers: Theoretical background behind Ahlmann’s P/T diagram. J. Glaciol., 64(245), 489-505.

Driemel, A., John Augustine, Klaus Behrens, Sergio Colle, Christopher Cox, Emilio Cuevas-Agulló, Fred M. Denn, Thierry Duprat, Masato Fukuda, Hannes Grobe, Martial Haeffelin, Gary Hodges, Nicole Hyett, Osamu Ijima, Ain Kallis, Wouter Knap, Vasilii Kustov, Charles N. Long, David Longenecker, Angelo Lupi, Marion Maturilli, Mohamed Mimouni, Lucky Ntsangwane, Hiroyuki Ogihara, Xabier Olano, Marc Olefs, Masao Omori, Lance Passamani, Enio Bueno Pereira, Holger Schmithüsen, Stefanie Schumacher, Rainer Sieger, Jonathan Tamlyn, Roland Vogt, Laurent Vuilleumier, Xiangao Xia, Atsumu Ohmura, and Gert König-Langlo, 2018: Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN): structure and data description (1992–2017), Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 1491–1501, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1491-2018

 König-Langlo, G., A. Driemel, and A. Ohmura, 2018: Das Baseline Surface Radiation Network. Promet, 100, German Weather Service, Offenbach, Germany, 50-57.

Ohmura, A., 2021: Snow and ice in the climate system. Chapt.3 in Haeberli, W. and Whiteman, C. (Eds.): Snow and Ice-related Hazards, Risks, and Disasters. 2^nd Ed., Elsevier, Amsterdam, 754 pp.

Ohmura, A., in press: Earth’s Surface Energy Balance. Wiley Encyclopedia of Water, Wiley Pub