ZINC
One of the first developments of our group is the ZINC chamber. With ZINC we can expose aerosols to a defined temperature and relative humidity within the chamber. These conditions simulate idealized clouds in which ice crystals can nucleate by deposition nucleation or condensation freezing. At very cold temperatures (below -38°C) homogeneous nucleation can be studied as well.
ZINC uses the concept of the external page CFDC chamber developed in Colorado some years ago. However, some changes were made to the original design: The main chamber walls consist of two flat parallel plates with a distance of 10 mm. The walls are made of aluminum which was sand blasted and anodized, so that the ice layers on the inner surfaces stick well and to avoid corrosion. Each wall has channels for a cooling liquid drilled into them from the outside. In the lab we use two powerful cryostats to control the temperature of each wall. Temperatures as low as -55 °C and relative humidities (w.r.t. water) of a bout 130 % can be reached.
Traditionally, the formation of ice is detected with an optical particle counter at the bottom of the chamber. We can also measure in situ frozen fractions within the chamber (thanks to the parallel plate geometry) with our IODE detector.
Another extension of the ZINC chamber is the IMCA chamber to specifically study immersion freezing.